Why Is It So Hard to Move a Runway Just 12 Metres?

 Why Is It So Hard to Move a Runway Just 12 Metres?

Gatwick Airport’s ambitious expansion plans have taken a significant step forward, with tentative government backing. However, what might seem like a relatively simple proposal—a 12-metre shift of an existing runway—is proving to be a far more complex and controversial undertaking.

In contrast to major infrastructure projects like Heathrow's runway expansion, which involve bulldozing houses and rerouting highways, Gatwick’s proposal is relatively modest. The airport aims to move its back-up runway just 12 metres north and bring it into regular use. Despite its simplicity, the project has hit several snags, and its future remains uncertain.

A Bit of History

Opened in 1958, Gatwick initially operated with one main runway and a secondary taxiway. Over time, the second runway, though designed as a back-up, was never intended for daily use. In 1979, the airport’s owners signed an agreement with the local council, stipulating that no new operational runway could be constructed for at least 40 years. This agreement, along with subsequent planning rules, has made any significant runway alterations a challenge.

The Need for the Shift

Gatwick's current expansion plan is driven by the desire to increase capacity, particularly for short-haul flights. By shifting the backup runway 12 metres, the airport would ensure compliance with safety regulations, which mandate that the centre line of one runway must be at least 210 metres away from the next. This adjustment would allow the backup runway to be used more frequently, easing congestion and enabling more flights.

The Challenges

Despite the relatively small distance involved, there are many hurdles that could delay or even derail Gatwick’s plans. The most immediate challenge is opposition from local residents. Many are concerned about the increased traffic, noise, and pollution that would come with expanding the airport. These concerns have prompted calls for the government to delay the decision until noise levels can be adequately assessed and addressed.

Additionally, climate campaigners have voiced strong opposition, arguing that airport expansion undermines the UK’s efforts to meet its climate goals. The expansion would lead to more flights, contributing to higher emissions and making it more difficult for the country to reduce its carbon footprint in line with its international obligations.

The Path Ahead

Even though the government has tentatively backed the expansion, there are still many steps left before construction can begin. Gatwick has until April 24th to submit additional information, including proposals for noise mitigation and measures to encourage public transport use among passengers. After this, a fresh round of consultations will take place, and the government will make its final decision by October 27th.

However, even if approval is granted, the project could still face further delays. Paul Maile, an expert in planning and infrastructure at Eversheds Sutherland, notes that legal challenges are always a possibility, which could stall the process for years.

Will It Happen?

Gatwick has indicated that it hopes the expanded runway could be operational by the end of the decade. However, with the upcoming 2030 general election and potential changes in government, the project could face fresh obstacles. Shifting political priorities, changes in planning regulations, and tougher climate targets could all impact the expansion's viability.

Public opinion also plays a significant role. According to Prof Tony Travers from the London School of Economics, politicians are often swayed by public pressure, which can delay or cancel infrastructure projects. While the benefits of airport expansion are clear for the economy and the travel sector, local opposition from those living under flight paths is likely to remain a major hurdle.

The Bigger Picture

Richard Threlfall of KPMG notes that in other countries, especially those with less robust democracies, infrastructure projects like runway expansions might be more straightforward. However, in the UK, projects like these can be significantly delayed or blocked if there is enough opposition from the public.

Despite these challenges, the UK government has shown a determination to overcome opposition to infrastructure projects that are seen as crucial for economic growth. The outcome of the Gatwick expansion will be a test of the government’s resolve in the face of growing opposition from both local communities and climate activists.

In the end, while moving the runway just 12 metres may sound simple, the complexity of the legal, environmental, and political factors involved means that the project could face years of uncertainty before it takes off.